eISSN:2278-5299

International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology

DOI:10.29111/ijlrst   ISRA Impact Factor:3.35,  Peer-reviewed, Open-access Journal

A News Letter Sign UP!
Improvement of Impaired Glucose Tolerance by the Increase in Secretion of Pancreatic GLP-1 Induced by Silymarin in Rats

Research Paper Open Access

International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology Vol.7 Issue 1, pp 15-21,Year 2018

IMPROVEMENT OF IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE BY THE INCREASE IN SECRETION OF PANCREATIC GLP-1 INDUCED BY SILYMARIN IN RATS

Claudia Soto*,Imelda González,Katia López

Correspondence should be addressed to :

Received : 29 January 2018; Accepted : 29 January 2018 ; Published : 05 March 2018

Share
Download 125
View 181
Article No. 10772
Abstract

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pre-diabetic state of hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance and glucose dysregulation. IGT may precede type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) by many years. IGT is a risk factor for mortality and can have damage to end organs, such as eyes, kidneys, blood vessels and heart. Relevant complications include nephropathy and chronic kidney disease, neuropathy, retinopathy and macrovascular disease. In IGT, β-cells decrease, and dysfunction is present. Studies have reported abnormal β-cell function (up to 80% decreased) insulin secretion in prediabetic individuals. Subjects with IGT have muscle insulin resistance plus severely impaired insulin secretion. At the pancreatic level, GLP-1 induces the differentiation, neogenesis, and proliferation of β-cells and plays a role in the long-term maintenance of these cell masses by inhibiting apoptosis . We reported that Silymarin increased pancreatic GLP-1 secreting cells in a pancreatectomy model. We treated IGT rats with Silymarin daily (200 mg/kg, p.o) for 9 weeks. The results showed that, Silymarin treatment increased pancreatic GLP-1R gene expression, tissue immunoreactivity for GLP-1, the level of GLP-1 peptide, and the proliferation of GLP-1 secreting cells and decreased IGT to control values. These results suggest that Silymarin improves IGT and may prevent the development of DM2. Keywords— Pancreatic GLP-1, pancreatic GLP-1 receptor, impaired glucose tolerance.

Key Words   
Pancreatic GLP-1, pancreatic GLP-1 receptor, impaired glucose tolerance
Copyright
References
  1. Barr E, Zimmet P, Welborn T, Jolley D, Magliano D, Dunstan D, Cameron A, Dwyer T, Taylor H, Tonkin A, Wong T, McNeil J, Shaw J. Risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance: The australian diabetes, obesity, and lifestyle study (AusDiab). Circulation, vol. 116(2), pp. 151-157, July. 2007. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.685628
  2. OMS (1999). "Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". Geneva: World Health Organization.
  3. American Diabetes, Association. "Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". Diabetes Care, vol. 28(1), pp. S37–S42, Jan. 2005. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.28.suppl_1.s37
  4. Tabák AG, Herder C, Rathmann W, Brunner EJ, Kivimäki M. Prediabetes: A high-risk state for developing diabetes. Lancet, vol.379 (9833), pp. 2279–2290, Jun. 2014. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60283-9
  5. Abdul-Ghani MA, Tripathy D, DeFronzo RA. Contributions of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose. Diabetes Care, vol. 29, pp. 1130–9, May. 2006. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.2951130
  6. Gastaldelli A, Ferrannini E, Miyazaki Y, et al. Beta-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance: results from the San Antonio metabolism (SAM) study. Diabetologia, vol. 47, pp. 31–9, Dec. 2004. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1263-9
  7. Ferrannini E, Balkau B, Coppack SW, et al. Insulin resistance, insulin response, and obesity as indicators of metabolic risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol. 92, pp. 2885–92, Aug. 2007. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-0334
  8. Marchetti P, Lupi R, Bugliani M, Kirkpatrick C, Sebastian G, Grieco F, Del Guerra S, D' Aleo V, Piro S, Marselli L, Bogg U, Filipponi F, Tinti L, Salvani, Woolheim C, Purrello F, Dotta F. A local glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) system in human pancreatic islets. Diabetologia, vol. 55, pp. 3262-3272, Dec. 2012. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2716-9
  9. Nauck MA, Homberger E, Siegel EG, et al. Incretin effects of increasing glucose loads in man calculated from venous insulin and C-peptide responses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol. 63, pp. 492–498, Aug.1986. DOI 10.1210/jcem-63-2-492
  10. Marathe C, Rayner C, Jones K, Horowitz M. Glucagon like peptides 1 and 2 in health an disease: A review. Peptides, vol. 424, pp. 75-86, Jun. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.01.014
  11. Vetter ML, Cardillo S, Rickels MR, Iqbal N. Narrative review: effect of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med, vol. 150, pp. 94-103, Jan. 2009.
  12. Rondas D, D'Hertog W, Overbergh L. Mathieu C. Glucagon-like peptide-1: modulator of β-cell dysfunction and death. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, vol. 15(s3), pp. 185-192, Sep. 2013. DOI: 10.1111/dom.12165
  13. Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptides: Regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mol Endocrinol, vol. 17(2), pp. 161-171, Feb. 2003. DOI: 10.1210/me.2002-0306
  14. Buteau J. GLP-1 receptor signaling: effects on pancreatic beta-cell proliferation and survival. Diabetes Metab, vol. 34(2), S73-7, Feb. 2008. DOI: 10.1016/S1262-3636(08)73398-6.
  15. Holst JJ. The physiology and the pharmacology of incretins in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab, vol. 10, pp. 14-21, Aug. 2008. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00920.x
  16. Bucinskaite V, Tolessa T, Pedersen J, Rydqvist B, Zerihum L, Holst JJ, Hellström PM. Receptor-mediated activation of gastric vagal afferents by glucagon-like peptide-1 in the rat. J Neurogastroenterol Motil, vol. 21, pp. 978-978, Sep. 2009. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01317.x
  17. Stanley S, Wynne K, McGowan B, Bloom S. Hormonal regulation of food intake. Physiol Rev, vol. 85, pp. 1131-1158, Oct. 2005. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2004
  18. Girard J. The incretins: From the concept to their use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Part A: Incretins concept and physiological function. Diab Metab, vol. 34, pp. 550-559, Dec. 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2008.09.001
  19. Kielgast U, Holst J, Madsbad S. Antidiabetic actions of exogenous and endogenous GLP-1 in type 1 patients with and without residual beta-cell function. Diabetes, vol. 60, pp. 1599-607, May. 2011. doi:  10.2337/db10-1790
  20. Thorens B. Expression cloning of the pancreatic beta cell receptor for the gluco-incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, vol. 89(18), pp. 8641–8645, Sep. 1992.
  21. Thorens B, Porret A, Buhler L, Deng SP, Morel P, Widmann C. Cloning and functional expression of the human islet GLP-1 receptor. Demonstration that exendin-4 is an agonist and exendin-(9–39) an antagonist of the receptor. Diabetes, vol. 42, pp. 1678–1682, Nov. 1993.
  22. Færch K, Torekov SS, Vistisen D, Johansen NB, Witte DR, Jonsson A, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Lauritzen T, Sandbæk A, Holst JJ, Jørgensen ME. GLP-1 response to oral glucose is reduced in prediabetes, screen-detected type 2 diabetes, and obesity and influenced by sex: The ADDITION-PRO study. Diabetes, vol. 64(7), pp. 2513–2525, Jul. 2015. DOI: 10.2337/db14-1751  
  23. Ghosh A, Ghosh T, Jains S. Silymarin - A review of the pharmacodynamics and bioavailability enhancement approaches. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol, vol. 2(10), pp. 348-355, Jan. 2010
  24. Soto C, González I, Raya L, Carrasco U, Tovar L. Silymarin induces glucagon like peptide-1 secretion and increases its receptor gene expression in pancreatic tissue in partially pancreatectomized rats. International J Latest Research Sci Technol, vol. 6(3), pp. 13-19, 2017. ISSN (Online):2278-5299
  25. Goren H, Kulkarni R, Kahn C. Glucose homeostasis and tissue transcript content of insulin signaling intermediates in four inbred strains of mice: C57BL/6, C57BLKS/6, DBA/2, and 129X1. Endocrinology, vol. 145, pp 3307-23, Jul. 2004. DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-1400
  26. Gastaldelli A, Ferrannini E, Miyazaki Y, Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Beta-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance: results from the San Antonio metabolism (SAM) study. Diabetologia, vol. 47, pp. 31-39, Jan. 2004. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1263-9
  27. Sherwin RS, Anderson RM, Buse JB, Chin MH, Eddy D, Fradkin J, Ganiats TG, Ginsberg HN, Kahn R, Nwankwo R, Rewers M, Schlessinger L, Stern M, Vinicor F, Zinman B. Prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, vol. 27(1), pp. S47-S54, Jan. 2004. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.2007.S47
  28. Kahn SE. The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia, vol. 46, pp. 3-19, Jan. 2003. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-002-1009-0
  29. Cernea S, Raz I. Therapy in the early stage: incretins. Diabetes Care, vol. 34(2), pp. S264-S271, May. 2011. DOI:10.2337/dc11-s223
  30. Valverde I, Wang GS, Burghardt K, Kauri LM, Redondo A, Acitores A, Villanueva-Peñacarrillo ML, Courtois P, Sener A, Cancelas J, Malaisse WL, Scoot FW. Bioactive GLP-1 in gut, receptor expression pancreas, and insulin response to GLP-1 in diabetes-prone rats. Endocrine, vol. 23(1), pp. 77-84, Mar. 2004. DOI: 10.1385/ENDO:23:1:77.
  31. Ritzel R, Schulte M, Porksen N, Naucks MS, Holst JJ, Juhl C, März W, Schmitz O, Schmiegel WH, Nauck MA. Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases secretory burst mass of pulsatile insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes, vol. 50, pp. 776-84, Apr. 2001.
  32. Wideman RD, Yu IRY, Webber TD, Verchere B, Johnson JD, Cheung AT, Kieffer TJ. Improving function and survival of pancreatic islets by endogenous production of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, vol. 103(36), pp. 13468-13473, Sep. 2006. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600655103
  33. Færch, K., Vaag, A., Holst, J., Glümer, C., Pedersen, O. and Borch-Johnsen, K. Impaired fasting glycaemia vs impaired glucose tolerance: similar impairment of pancreatic alpha and beta cell function but differential roles of incretin hormones and insulin action. Diabetologia, vol. 51(5), pp. 853-861, May. 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-0951-x
  34. Traub S, Meier D, Schulze F, Dror E, Nordmann T, Goetz N, Koch N, Dalmas E, Stawiski M, Makshana V, Thorel F, Herrera P, Böni-Schnetzler M, Donath M. Pancreatic α cell-derived glucagon-related peptides are required for β cell adaptation and glucose homeostasis. Cell Rep, vol. 18(13), pp. 3192-3203, Mar. 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.005
  35. Ellingsgaard H, Hauselmann I, Schuler B, Habib AM, Baggio LL, Meier DT, Eppler E, Bouzakri K, Wueest S, Muller YD, et al. Interleukin-6 enhances insulin secretion by increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from L cells and alpha cells. Nat. Med, Vol. 17, pp. 1481–1489, Oct. 2011. DOI: 10.1038/nm.2513
  36. Hansen AM, Bödvarsdottir TB, Nordestgaard DN, Heller RS, Gotfredsen CF, Maedler K, Fels JJ, Holst JJ, Karlsen AE. Upregulation of alpha cell glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in Psammomys obesus an adaptive response to hyperglycaemia? Diabetologia, vol. 54, pp. 1379–1387, Jun. 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2080-1
  37. Girard, J. The incretins: From the concept to their use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Part A: Incretins: Concept and physiological functions. Diabetes & Metabolism, vol. 34(6), pp. 550-559, Dec. 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2008.09.001
  38. Babu D, Deering T, Mirmira R. A feat of metabolic proportions: Pdx1 orchestrates islet development and function in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Mol Genet Metab, Vol. 92, pp. 43-55, Sep-Oct. 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.06.008
  39. Stoffers D, Kieffer T, Hussain M, Drucker D, Bonner-Weir S, Habener J, Egan J. Insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists stimulate expression of homeodomain protein IDX-1 and increase islet size in mouse pancreas. Diabetes, vol. 49, pp. 741-748, May. 2000.
To cite this article

Claudia Soto*,Imelda González,Katia López , " Improvement Of Impaired Glucose Tolerance By The Increase In Secretion Of Pancreatic Glp-1 Induced By Silymarin In Rats ", International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology . Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp 15-21 , 2018


Responsive image

MNK Publication was founded in 2012 to upholder revolutionary ideas that would advance the research and practice of business and management. Today, we comply with to advance fresh thinking in latest scientific fields where we think we can make a real difference and growth now also including medical and social care, education,management and engineering.

Responsive image

We offers several opportunities for partnership and tie-up with individual, corporate and organizational level. We are working on the open access platform. Editors, authors, readers, librarians and conference organizer can work together. We are giving open opportunities to all. Our team is always willing to work and collaborate to promote open access publication.

Responsive image

Our Journals provide one of the strongest International open access platform for research communities. Our conference proceeding services provide conference organizers a privileged platform for publishing extended conference papers as journal publications. It is deliberated to disseminate scientific research and to establish long term International collaborations and partnerships with academic communities and conference organizers.